Does Globalisation contribute to the growth of terrorism Essay Example

Does Globalisation contribute to the growth of terrorism Essay Globalisation has contributed to the growth of internationalised linkages through the ideals of free market liberalisation. It has facilitated the growth of multi-national companies whose business networks are connected through the internet and global communications networks. This interconnectedness has a dark side according to Louise Shelly, Terrorists have also globalised, taking advantage of the ability to recruit internationally, to be close to diaspora communities that can support them financially and logically.1 Jessica Stern feels that the current crop of global Jihadists are, both an expression and a symptom of globalisation, spread through the internet and other global media such as satellite television2. The concept of globalisation leads to a backlash against it3 and against the US lead Westernisation of the world. In a globalised world the causes of terrorism are, derived from a series of political, economic and technological problems that are interconnected4 and in turn the tools of globalisation; the internet, the media and the increased flow of materiel and people, are exploited.5 We will write a custom essay sample on Does Globalisation contribute to the growth of terrorism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Does Globalisation contribute to the growth of terrorism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Does Globalisation contribute to the growth of terrorism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As Cronin states, Terrorism has a long and varied history6. It has been utilised by different groups for a myriad of reasons and in itself is almost impossible to define. At its most basic level terrorism can be viewed as having a political nature, using acts of violence against innocent targets to precipitate political change7. It is primarily used by non state actors, even when these groups have received funding or assistance from state actors. Since the end of the cold war, the world has seen a large increase in the amount of what Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon describe as Sacred Terror- mainly Islamic-based terror groups who see the overthrow of the west and the containing disconnection from the globalised world as their raison detre.8 In 2005 a working group for the Club de Madrids International Summit on Democracy, Terrorism and Security published a paper: Addressing the Causes of Terror; which outlined six contributions that globalisation has made to the growth of terrorism. These were: 1. Globalization as a cause and motivation for terror. 2. Cultural resistance to globalisation. 3. Globalisation fosters the development of new minorities. 4. Globalisation increases the opportunities for militant and terrorist groups. 5. Linkages develop between political and criminal networks. 6. Globalisation weakens the state. Using these six factors as well as information and evidence from other sources, this paper intends to outline how globalisation has contributed to the growth of terrorist activities. Globalization as a cause and motivation for terror The countries that have not integrated successfully into the new liberal global economy find a growth in inequalities and social polarization. Globalisation has divided the world into haves and have-nots, those that are rich in information and those that are disconnected from the information the West takes for granted. This may lead to a growth in terrorist activities by groups seeking a more equal disruption of globalisations benefits.9 This could be considered ironic, as US intelligence estimates put Bin Ladens personal fortune, gained through the use of globally based companies in excess of $500 million.10 The sweeping changes that globalisation has brought to the world have led to inequalities and poverty in certain locations. Ted Robert Gurr writes in his work on the economic factors of terrorism that, Macro-studies show that terrorism can occur anywhere, but it is more common in developing countries economic change creates conditions that are conducive to instability, the emergence of militant movements and extremist ideologies11. In many states where globalisation has lead to a changes in the economic structure, the structure of culture and society as well as changes in political doctrine, there is the possibility of a growth of terrorist groups. However to prove this is a hard task. Beyond interviewing each and every terrorist group active in the world today, it is almost impossible to prove empirically that globalisation is a direct cause of grievances amongst terrorist groups. Some commentators feel that the humiliating effects of the negative aspects of globalisation incur the wrath of certain militant ideologies12; that the grievances of some groups are fuelled by social and economic tensions13. Certainly Al Qaeda subscribes to this view as the argument of Ayman Al Zawarhiri demonstrates: that it is better for the youth of the Muslim world to take up arms than to submit to the humiliation of globalisation and Western hegemony14. Others feel the opposite, that while globalisation increases the terrorists ability to harm us, globalisation is not a direct influence on them15. One can only conclude this by noting that terrorism is a large subject and its adherents encompass such a wide scope of ideologies, that it could be said that the very nature of globalisation, even if it only affected one group, does contribute to the growth of terrorism in general. Cultural resistance to globalisation The global spread of liberal western market-driven culture can be interpreted by some militants as the infiltration of an alien and corrupting culture. This is then used by some nationalist or religious groups as a justification for terror activities.16 The Wests cultural inclination toward consumerism and acquisition of materials has become a source of anger for those in spheres without access to certain material products. Globalisation has lead to the broadening of travel by certain ethnic groups, as people from disconnected states; such as Africa, attempt to move to the west in order to gain more prosperity. This has contributed to the growth of certain terror groups, often right-wing in nature, that enact vigilante acts against what they see as the encroachment of the culture of illegal immigrants on national identity. 17 Globalisation as a philosophy, as the expression of western expansion and as a symbol of the corrupting influence of democracies, can be seen by certain groups; principally Al Qaeda and its affricatives, whose principal aim is the complete destruction of these corrupting values, as a justification for violence. 18 Globalisation fosters the development of new minorities Globalisation facilitates the movement of populations around the globe. This has lead to the development of new minorities within established and settled populations, many of whom have views that are, at minimum, sympathetic to groups with extremist ideologies.19 The wide dispersal of populations, often due to migration facilitated by globalisations open borders, has given terror groups a wide network of recruitment through diasporas20. At present, figures show that around 80% of recruits to the Salafi Jihadist terror movements have come from Islamic diaspora groups. Globalisation, through its open borders, has contributed to the growth of recruitment for the Salafi Jihadist movement and its connected terror groups such as AQ and its affiliates21. Gabriel Sheffer of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem observes that 27 of the 50 most active terrorist groups are either segments of ethno-nationalist or religious diasporas, or are supported by them.22 The wide dispersal of a population allows extremist movements within these populations to co-ordinate actions on a trans-national basis. For example, Borik Zadeh of the Battelle Institute found that mosques in Ohio, London, Frankfurt, and Paris were delivering virtually identical sermons, the key message of which was an endorsement of global war against the West.23. In the same way that globalisation benefits a multi-national corporation by allowing it to place staff across the globe and communicate with them; terror groups reap the same rewards through their ability to communicate, recruit and plan and execute attacks, utilising dispersed global populations of like minded individuals. Globalisation increases the opportunities for militant and terrorist groups Globalisation has facilitated the growth of terrorism through the movement of operatives across borders, information through the internet and money through international finances; legitimate as well as illegal. At the same time, the physical links in the global network from pipelines and communication networks to a globalised world population have become targets. 24 In the eight year period from 1987 to 1994, there were 9575 global casualties for terrorism. In the next nine years, 1995 to 2003, that total jumped to 27608. 25 Martha Crenshaw states in the Club de Madrid Series on Democracy and Terrorism that Globalization, for example, facilitates the spread of terrorism but is not a direct cause. (One paradox is that groups with the most fervent anti-Western ideologies exploit Western technology for their own gain) 26 On September 11 the very weapon that the terrorist operatives used was the passenger jet, which had hitherto been celebrated for bringing the world together.27 In fact RAND Corporation analysts point to the hijacking by PLO operatives of an Israeli passenger liner in 1968 as the first act of international terror. 28 In the modern phase of terrorism, the use of the tools of globalisation is apparent in the way that terror groups use new technologies, in the movement of terror operatives, and the changes in sources of support. As is common in globalisation, these are intertwined with one another, reflecting the interconnectedness of things that come about due to globalisation. 29 Modern terrorist groups are extremely adept at using the tools of globalisation. As David Barno writes in Parameters, Their command and control centre system is the internet, the laptop, the courier and the cell phone, drawing on technologies that were invented and paid for by their adversariestheir biggest operational weapon is the global information grid, particularly the international media30. With particular reference to the global network of Al Qaeda and its affiliates, it can be seen that through the use of a globalisations tools, particularly the internet, Al Qaeda has been able to disperse its message and gain support for its actions.31 In December of 2006, in a speech to the International Institute of Strategic Studies, Alexander Downers said, In the internet age, terrorist propaganda is everywhere. It cannot be blocked. 32 Al Sahab (the clouds), Al Qaedas media outlet, uses technology extremely well to propagate the martyrdom videos and propaganda videos of Bin Ladens rhetoric. 33 The internet; the principle tool of globalisation, has made facilitating a terrorist operation far more accessible to those with terrorist intentions. Information once only accessible to governments is now easily available to those with the necessary skills in utilising the information super-highway.34 In a few minutes one can access websites that instruct on sniper techniques and the construction of a pipe bomb35. The SITE Institute website36 alone carries numerous links to videos on bomb-making techniques. Further, the internet has enabled anyone with a grudge to form a movement that can be spread globally at the push of a mouse button. 37 Linkages develop between political and criminal networks Organised crime and terror networks have utilised the same methods for moving arms, money and other material across borders. Illegal banking activates have likewise been used by both terrorists and criminals. Terrorist groups increasingly funnel funds gained from illicit activities, such as drug dealing, to fund operations such as bombings, assassinations and hijackings. 38 The idea that criminal enterprises and terrorist operations are distinct and separate is both antiquated and erroneous. Terrorist groups have utilised the same underground channels to funnel arms and funds across borders as well as using the same infrastructure to change identities and move operatives. Louise Shelly notes in her work on the internationalisation of crime and terror, that the same language school used by the September 11 hijackers to gain their visas, was likewise used to provide visa documents for a major prostitution smuggling ring39. Globalisation weakens the state Due to globalisation, some governments have seen a weakening in their ability to control their own economies, diminishing their ability to project security. A growth in terrorist activity is sometimes a result of this. 40 While this is often the pervue of developing nations and failed states, it does have ramifications for the west. Globalisation is often marked down as a weakener of state controls. As the free market governs international relations, and regulations become less and less of the states concern, we will begin to see more and more illicit activity on the periphery of states controls. For example, we can look at the Riggs Bank in Washington DC, which was prosecuted for facilitating a transfer of funds to a terrorist group, while at the same time maintaining a client list that included diplomats and former US presidents.41 Existing in a globalised world means that actions of states, both at home and abroad, now have far more repercussions for security than before. Relating to the growth of terrorism, it can be viewed that: The states susceptibility to terrorism is determined not just by how it treats its citizens at home but by its actions abroad. When such actions lack international legitimacy and local populations perceive them as unjust, radical groups come to see terrorism as an appropriate response 42. In the interconnected world of globalisation, our very actions in fighting terror; in the way that states action their defences against terror, may lead to a greater number of disaffiliated actors who may turn to terror as a means of reprisal. Combating terrorism may also lead to a weakening of state controls, as acts of terrorism weaken states authority from below by emasculating the state, while the global governance takes control away form the states from above. This global governance will be accepted by states that wish to see terrorism combated for them by larger systems in the global community.43 Globalisation has contributed to the growth in terrorism through the use of its tools and through the agenda it pushes. Certainly the new crop of global terrorists seem to be railing against the perceived injustices caused by globalisation, as witnessed by the antagonism and alienation it causes in certain spheres. Some states have been weakened by globalisation, and these states have provided safe-havens for terrorism to flourish, offering support both logistically ands philosophically through global communities. The global network of finance has been exploited and terrorist groups work increasingly with criminal elements to secure illicit funds to push their operations further. These operations are broadcast globally through terrorist propaganda on websites. Be this as it may, the world still has the opportunity to use the tools of globalisation to better combat this rising darkness. Through global education and the interconnectedness of security treaties and trans-national allianc es, the world may yet begin to erode the support base that terrorist groups have throughout the disconnected places of this increasingly connected world.

Consumerism and Environment Essays

Consumerism and Environment Essays Consumerism and Environment Paper Consumerism and Environment Paper Consumerism is a phenomenon that was always immanent in the relatively plopped societies, where people purchased goods and consumed resources excessive to their needs. However, there was a major change after the Industrial Revolution, when the scarcity of resources was overcome and a huge variety Of goods in unlimited amounts became available to a wide range of people. The Industrial Revolution and several other factors created capitalism ; a new type of economy that resulted in a rapid growth of a middle class in developed countries. Middle class started to have money not only to cover their basic needs but also more. In 1899 Thorniest Blend called t the leisure class Billions of people worldwide now belong to the consumer class. Items that at one point in time were considered luxuries- televisions, mobile phones, computers, air conditioning- are now viewed as necessities. We are essentially basing our happiness around material possessions and demanding the best and biggest items (like houses, cars Money can buy, and our lifestyles are devoted to the accumulation of non- essential goods. As we are constantly exposed to mass media and popular culture in our modern society, consumerism has penetrated into every aspect f our lives, dictating our own beliefs, values and wants. Regarding pros and cons: On the one hand, we can state that rising consumption has helped meet basic needs and create jobs. There is no doubt whatever about this: more consumption involves more production, sales, jobs. Which are good and positi ve aspects in a capitalist system. In fact, some people argue that consumerism not only cannot delete or destroy our society, but also it is something essential for the society and it strongly benefits the economy. On the other hand, there is another view that establishes that the huge and mutinously increasing consumer demand has been getting the planet out of balance for many years. We are facing a problem of over-consuming that is undermining the natural systems that we all depend on, and making it even harder for the poorest or developing countries to meet their basic needs. . This trend Of over consuming and throwing out what we don t want is having devastating / destructive effects on the environment (the exhaustion of Earth s resources, uncontrolled air, water and soil pollution and a threat to human rights; sweatshops with ridiculous wages and horrible working notations with huge injury rates. These are the costs of consumerism. There are many ways that consumerism can affect the environment. Consumerism can c ause air and water pollution, land contamination, and forest degradation. Consumption itself, plus the production and waste of products used in consumption is related to pollution. Industrial waste (especially when just dumped into the rivers and oceans), waste from the tourist industry (including cruise liners, air travel, etc. ), waste from industrial agriculture, and automobile emissions are examples of air and water pollutions caused by consumerism. Tobacco production, for example, can lead to soil degradation and land contamination. Plastic bags are good example of how consumerism can affect our environment. Plastic bags effect our environment because when they are thrown out they can get washed into our water ways . When they reach the rivers and oceans, animals can get caught up in the plastic bag and suffocate. The buying and selling of fuels is also a major issue because the machines it goes into turns it into a poisonous gas (carbon monoxide) which is omitted into the worlds atmosphere. 3. So what is the solution? Can we do anything to change the consumerist society? Yes, we can and more than that we have to. What the anti- consumerists propose is to own less and to enjoy what you own more. Basically, many things we buy we dont need. As it goes in an anonymous quote We buy things we dont need to impress people we dont know. And therefore, thoughtful consuming will finally get us to the point of rational usage of natural resources. In order to change, we will have to get rid of a throw-away mentality. Reduce, reuse, recycle is a simple anti-consumerist mantra. And it does work, even if you think that you alone will hardly make any difference.

In your opinion, can a criminal trial be fair if witnesses are granted Essay

In your opinion, can a criminal trial be fair if witnesses are granted anonymity - Essay Example Anonymity is considered as one of the most sensitive and controversial issues related with the criminal justice. The laws related with the anonymity of the witnesses have been developed under the common law and there has been a large standing principal that the defendant to be confronted with his accuser in the court of law. (The Crown Prosecution Service) The case of R Davis however, brought forward new challenges when it was decided by the House of Lords that the anonymity of the witnesses may render the overall trial as unfair. This case is considered as one of the leading examples of ignoring the achievement of a delicate balance between the rights and responsibilities of different parties involved in any given case. (Kerrigan and Stockdale). This paper will attempt to discuss whether a trial can be fair if witnesses are given the choice of anonymity? The Case of R Davis In order to discuss the argument of whether a trial can be fair, it is important to discuss the case of R Davi s as this case is considered as one of the leading cases establishing the legal position for the anonymity of the witnesses and the fairness of the trial. R Davis was accused of committing double murders in London and after hiding for some time in US on false passport, he was extradited to UK. He maintained that he left the party before actual shooting took place and he has been fixed in this by his Ex- partner. The Crown’s investigation included witnesses in this case who were fearful about their security and therefore requested anonymity. After the due investigation, the claims of the witnesses were considered as true and trial judge, in order to ensure the safety of the witnesses as well as to obtain their evidence, allowed the anonymity under which witnesses were allowed to give their evidence against the false names, no information about them was provided to the defence and the natural voice of the witnesses was only heard by the Jury. Subsequently Davis was convicted by the Jury. (Rahman) The House of Lords however, overturned based on the Common Law Principle that the accused has the entitlement to confront with the accusers so that the accused could have cross examined them. Though exceptions were noted such as the case of hearsay however, based on the article 6 of the ECHR, the conviction was overthrown. Fairness of trial and Anonymity of witnesses Article 6 of the European convention deals with the right of having a fair trial and the article (6)(3)(d) outlines the rights of the defendants to examine the witnesses. In case of Davis, the court convicted him because of making a delicate balance between the rights of the accused and the rights of the witnesses can be a difficult task and commented that this may not always be incompatible with the Convention. Article 10 and 11 of the Universal declaration of Human Rights suggest that everyone has the right to fair trail and public hearing by and independent and impartial tribunal in case any crimi nal charges are levied against him. Further, anyone is presumed to be innocent until charges are proven as guilty. Viewed from the perspective of the above legislations and legal principles, it may be clear that the right of fair trial is of absolute importance however, competing interests also need to be taken into consideration when viewing the fairness of a trial and anonymity of the witnesses. In the

Emergency Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergency Technologies - Essay Example Additionally, the discussion delves on the disadvantages of the same technologies in abetting crimes such as hacking and phising. There are various advantages of computers and the use of computer technology in investigations. For instance, in the determination of crimes, it is essential to conduct forensic investigations. This is to identify their authenticity in order to unearth the evidence. However, despite the numerous benefits of forensics, it also has its disadvantages. On that note, the prevention of crimes such as corporate fraud, intellectual property disputes, phising and contravention of the contract would most likely apply computer technology such as forensics to find the truth. For instance, computer technology through forensics enables the investigators to search and examine hug amount of data fast and efficiently (Moore, 2010). In other words, such technology uses search keywords stored in a hard drive found in different languages. Additionally, computer technology mit igates on cyber crimes because they occur in the internet. Alternatively, the use of forensics is making it easy to recover valuable data that was previously lost and deleted especially in a court of law.

Communication, Gender, and Sexuality Blog...I Essay

Communication, Gender, and Sexuality Blog...I - Essay Example nfluenced all aspects of society from the basic family setting where men are viewed as the head of the family with the task of making important family decisions mainly resting on them to the work places where they hold the high esteemed positions. Women have therefore had to fight to be recognized from all fronts. They have learnt how to balance their caring nurturing side with their go-getter side making them a force so powerful. Standpoints have supported strong objectivity whereby marginalized or oppressed people such as women have been made able to create more objective accounts of the world. They have had to adapt to the masculine culture by taking up more male dominated roles like by venturing into fields like engineering which are more technical. In other words they have become bicultural. On the other hand when felt oppressed, they have learnt to stand up for their rights because of the strong objectivity the standpoints have offered them. This is seen vividly when it comes to the issue of women sexuality. They have defended their sexuality from the inhumane practices like rape, domestic violence and harmful demeaning cultural practices. Women have also learnt how to be accountable for the way they articulate their wants and demands. They base their demands on facts that are rational detaching all the emotional aspects that would discredit their plea on the basis that they are weak. Women have learnt how to look out for their

Effective use for family art therapy

Effective use for family art therapy Originally used in individual sessions, art therapy is taking a more active and integrated role in family therapy, crisis interventions such as violence in the home or alcoholism in the family, with mental health patients (e.g. schizophrenics), and children who are adopted or in foster homes. Families are a complex system comprised of subsytems, alliances, and triangles. In order to get a better understanding of familial patterns and how the family operates, art therapy sessions with the entire family provides an unusual opportunity to observe how the family unit functions in a situation less formal and less subject to their established mechanisms of control than is the purely verbal pyschotherapeutic interview (Kwiatkowska, p. 27). Art therapy is useful for providing an individual the opportunity to step back and evaluate the meaning of his or her subjective art expressions. This promotes a persons ability to symbolize, to think, and to think about thinking. Visual representation offers a means to express multiple layers of meaning in a condensed format. The graphic product is durable, allowing a client to review and respond to what has been expressed (Linesch, p. 26). Individuals, family members and the therapist literally have a visual picture of how an individual views themselves, their role in the family, wishes they have for their family, or anything else they have kept to themselves. Another effective use for art therapy is using metaphors to teach parents and children new roles and relationships, thus adding a new dimension to structural family therapy (Linesh, p. 51). For example, if a family is struggling with their adolescent child and the child draws his mother with a big mouth and says that mother is always yelling, mother realizes how she is affecting the family with her yelling. According to Kwiatkowska, the focus of therapy often switches because of the way different family members present their views of the problem. The initial reason for seeking treatment is overshadowed by a totally different aspect of the family disurbance brought to their awareness through their art productions (p.139). Drawing pictures, painting, or working with clay may seem easy and fun to do but this work demands a solid backgorund in family therapy and extensive psychoterapeutic experience in addition to art therapy training (Kwiatkowska, p. 137). Case and Dalley agree that the theory and practice of art therapy has evolved to require that the practioners of art therapy are highly trained and experienced people whose skills continue to develop after their initial training program (p. 146). Like regular therapists, art therapists must create boundaries with their clients and their families. One must be firm with families who disrupt the session either with constant bickering or irrelevant flow of words. Eventually such maneuvers should be explored as one of the patterns of family behavior (Kwiatkowska, p. 31). The basic role of the therapist is to create a non-threatening environment for the family as some members may feel anxious about working with art. It is the therapists duty to remind the family that when doing evaluations, it is important to emphasize that they will not be graded or tested on their artistic skill but instead use the media as a way to communicate and self expression (Kwiatkowska, p. 85). It is also important that the room must feel safe enough to express ideas, feelings, thoughts. Having open access to materials can make avilable man posible avenues of expression (Case and Dalley, p. 99). Case and Dalley believe it is not the job of the therapist to encourage spilling out of emotions but in fact to help the client feel that her feelings, however difficult to express, will be contained, listened to and understood (p. 102). The therapists role is to remain open to the imagery and all its potential meaning for the patient and containt the anxiety and feelings that are generated in attempting to understand it. It is possible a clear meaning will not emerge until weeks into therapy where connections can made and understanding takes place (Case and Dalley, p. 65). During assessments or therapy sessions the therapist will give the family some directives. For example, the therapist may request that the family draw a free picture, a picture of your family, an abstract family portrait, a picture started with the help of a scribble, a joing family scribble, then another free picture (Kwiatkowska, p. 86). The therapist should take notice of what materials each member uses and how they are explaining their picture. Proulx explains that as the art therapist views the work, they keep in mind the interactions that occurred how the material was used to symbolically represent the relationship and the amount of personal space occupied by the child or parent. Intensity of media application, amount of energy portrayed: is it full of life, full of color? Also note in the portrait who is included, who is left out, and which part of the work becomes the parents possession or the childs. Are there obvious projections ontothe child by the parent? Is there engagement, communication, emotional contact, enjoyment and loving? ( p. 72). Although some directives are given, the therapist should not offer help to the children until the parents or siblings have responded (or not responded) to the childs plea for help. Their behavior in this regard is an important source of information about how the parents have met their need of their adolescent or young adult offspring in their early childhood (Kwiatkowska, p. 85). In a regular session, the therapist can get more information from the family by asking them to explore self-perceptions. To do this, therapist can ask family members to draw themselves as they feel inside and to draw themselves as they imagine they look to their family (Linesch, p. 28). To facilitate adaptive coping, therapist might ask family to choose pictures or draw images that describe possible solutions to the problem. Family members may also be asked to represent themselves and their families as they are now and as they would like to be in the future. This can bring to light individual needs and family problem-solving (Linesch, p. 29). One of the disadvantages of art therapy is that the therapist is more vulnerable to misinterpretation in terms of the objective understanding of content. Care must be taken not to make rapid interpretations which might prevent or even deny the client the satisfaction of discovering and finding out for herself (Case and Dalley, p. 65). Because art therapy involves a lot of interpreation, it is understandable that critiques about this technique are similar to that of psychotherapy. The individuals images can come across as many things but only the individual himself can explain it. The therapist is urged not to point out obvious red signals, instead they should allow the client to come up with their own interpretations. Their own interpretations alone are something to make note of as it may shed some light on the clients thought process. Throughout many examples explored, art therapy was useful in helping family members listen to one another, rebalance hierarchies, and provided a vehicle for the individuals to take advantage of increased self-expressive abilities and share their internal experiences as communication between family/system members (Linesch, p. 158).

The Leadership Style of Donald Trump :: Charisma, Leadership

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Donald Trump is known for his eccentricity and unconventional businesses practices. He exhibits an unconventional leadership style. Donald Trump started early to develop his personal brand, this is exhibited by every piece of real estate Mr. Trump owns. Every casino, building or golf course has his name on it. He is eccentric, powerful, but yet he makes very smart business decisions. He is also a risk taker. All these business skills have made him a very well recognized business leader, and one of the nations most known billionaires. Donald Trump has appeared in many magazines, has written a couple of books, and even gotten his own show on NBC called â€Å"The Apprentice†. But what makes Donald Trump successful in almost every endeavor he takes on? Was he born a leader? or did he just become a great leader. There are certain characteristics common in all leaders. Some of those are values, skills and cognitive abilities. Mr. Trump exhibits all of these traits. If this is what h as made him as successful as he is, why are certain leaders not able to achieve his type of success? Perhaps he has something extra that has propelled him above everybody else. Everything that he touches seems to turn to gold. Donald Trump’s leadership styles have made him rich, powerful, famous and known through out the world. This paper will examine some of those leadership styles. Leadership traits   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Leadership research has not revealed a single trait that is possessed by all successful leaders, but a number of characteristics have been identified that are common to many of them†(Timpe, p.30, 1987). Leadership studies have not yielded one common trait possessed by all successful leaders, but they have identified a number of characteristics that are commonly found in successful leaders. And also displayed by Donald Trump Verbal Fluency This is not only having an extensive vocabulary, but also being able to speak in a manner that inspires and encourages. Being able to command attention from your audience is very important. When Mr. Trump speaks people listen. He is able to articulate and sell his ideas to you. He has had to do a lot of wheeling and dealing trying to acquire real estate, thus being able to persuade people by simply speaking is essential. Ability to Solve Problems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Problem solving is another characteristics of effective leaders. You have to be able to care of situations when they arise.